INTRODUCTION

DC Motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current electricity. It works by converting electric power to mechanical work. It is accomplished by the application of forcing current through a coil and producing a magnetic field that spins the motor. Today, this application which relates the magnetic fields and current is known as Biot-Savart Law.

There are few basic components in dc motor in order to make DC motor works. The components are stator, armature, brush, commutator, magnet, winding, coil and the casing. These components are place as the picture above.

The stator is the stationary part of the motor. This includes the motor casing as well as two more magnet pole pieces. There are two static stators in the motor which create North Pole and South Pole respectively. The function of the stator is to induce magnetic fields while current is forcing through the coils. The magnetic fields will be generated while current is running connecting the north and south pole of the stator.

The armatures are the mechanical or rotary part of the motor. There are six armatures as stated in the picture above. Armatures are going to have North and South Pole while the current flow through the coils. As a result, the North pole with attracted to the South Pole of the stator and vice versa. The changing of the pole in armatures is control by the commutator and the brush of the motor.

The armature consists of windings (generally on a core), the windings being electrically connected to the commutator. The position of the brushes, commutator contacts, and armature windings are such that when the power is applied, the polarities of the energized winding and the stator magnet(s) are misaligned, the armature will rotate until it is almost aligned with the stator’s field magnets.

As the armature reaches alignment, the brushes move to the next commutator contacts, and energize the next winding. The rotation reverses the direction of current through the rotor winding, leading to a flip of the armature’s field and drives it to continue the rotating until the power is cut-off.